Author(s):
1. Jovan Vojinović, University Business Academy Novi Sad, Faculty of Dental Medicine in Pancevo, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2. Milica Gajic, University Business Academy Novi Sad, Faculty of Dental Medicine in Pancevo, Serbia
3. Katarina Kalevski, University Business Academy Novi Sad, Faculty of Dental Medicine in Pancevo, Serbia
4. Đorđe Mirjanić, JZU Dom zdravlja Banja Luka , Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
5. Vladan Mirjanić, Medicinski fakultet Banja Luka , Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract:
Not even the youngest are deprived of the risk ofmodern nutrition rich in free sugars and from poor oral hygiene. Consequences are significant deterioration in oral health, because35% of two-year olds inBanja Luka, and66,4% of three-year oldsin Serbia already have affected milk teeth. This is significantly higher than in developed countries, since promotional programs and screenings in pregnancy and in the first years have not beenset as a binding priority.The highest number of present carious lesions is untreated, followed by number of complications that threatenchild's nutrition, growth and development, as well as permanent teeth. Recent studies support the direct correlation of dental diseases in childhood with the development of chronic diseases in adults. Classic invasive approach in preparation andobturation of carious lesionsis difficult in little patients since by the third year of lifeit is hard to establish satisfactory cooperation, without the general anesthesia, which again brings with it a number of other health and financial issues. The last decades have brought a series of dramatic changes in technologyand approach to the treatment of early cariesin milk teeth. The goal is to detect the risks and neutralize them as early as possible. The onset of initial demineralization (white spots) is a sign of high risk. There are number ofhighly effective techniques for its remineralisation. Fluorides are central medicament, but regular oral hygiene and toothpaste, even with 1000 ppm fluorideis no longer a sufficient measure. Systematic studies give preference to fluoride varnish. The nanoparticles of apatite andxylitol enhance the remineralisation efficiency. Covering ofnon-cavitated lesionwith a glass-ionomerliner or with bond may prevent its cracking during the hardening process. When working with children younger than three years, the biggest challenge is to maintaina dry working field and short working time. ART method of preparation has proven its effectiveness, with use of new generation of glass-ionomer cements for filling small cavities,both on smooth, and on occlusal surfaces. Larger rebuilding ofanterior teeth is possible even without the ideal dry working fieldwith„strip crown“ technique, with help of glass-ionomer bonding and composites.Special progressin recent years was accomplished with the introduction of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) products, which impregnate and remineralize, enabling the fixation ofthe soften dentin tissueand preservation of teeth even without the overlaying with final filling.

Thematic field:
SYMPOSIUM B - Biomaterials and nanomedicine

Date of abstract submission:
15.07.2019.

Conference:
Contemporary Materials 2019 - Savremeni Materijali